A Costed Action Plan (CAP) and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Tool for The SADC Wildlife-Based Economy Strategic Framework

Biodiversity is a foundation for many cultures and livelihoods (Obura et al., 2023). The direct use of biodiversity has been estimated to support over a billion people globally and is a substantial part of local and global economies and markets (Obura et al., 2023). Economic estimates were that nature supports well over half of the global Gross Domestic Product (GDP), while broader perspectives on the values of biodiversity contributions to people and their livelihoods was substantially higher (Obura et al., 2023). The majority of biological taxa have demonstrated multiple human uses, including native species enriching people’s physical and psychological experiences, including their religious and ceremonial lives (Barron et al., 2022). The recent global Report on the Sustainable Use of Wild Species showed that over 50,000 harvested native species of plants, animals, fungi, and algae were critical for the livelihood of people across the globe (Fromentin et al., 2022). Of these, an estimated 31,100 plant species were used directly by humans to meet the needs of billions of people, with these plants used as human food (5,538 species), for medicines, for social purposes (21,695 plants), as sources of fuel (1,621 species) and as raw materials (11,365 species) (Barron et al., 2022). The FAO had also previously reported 34,000 species, including fruit- and nut-trees and their wild relatives, that were used on a regular basis for a range of uses such as for logging, for environmental, social and scientific purposes and for food (Barron et al., 2022). Direct use of native plants was estimated to contribute to the survival and livelihoods of about 70% of the global poor (Barron et al., 2022). Fishing, terrestrial animal harvesting, logging, and nature-based tourism are also vital to regional and local employment and economies in many developing and developed countries, and further contribute to public infrastructure, development and provisioning of related ecological goods and services (Barron et al., 2022). Estimates suggested that globally, as many as 2,000 species of invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals are used for food and considered as wild meat (Barron et al., 2022). The top uses of aquatic animals were human food (bony fishes and crustaceans), specimen harvest, as pets and for display (i.e. fish) (Barron et al., 2022). Additional uses of the aquatic animals included handicrafts and jewellery and medicine (Barron et al., 2022).

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• A Costed Action Plan (CAP) And Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Tool for The SADC Wildlife-Based Economy Strategic Framework_EN
• A Costed Action Plan (CAP) And Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Tool for The SADC Wildlife-Based Economy Strategic Framework_FR
• A Costed Action Plan (CAP) And Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Tool for The SADC Wildlife-Based Economy Strategic Framework_PT