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Manual for reducing and mitigating Human Insect Conflict - KAZA
| Author: | Connected Conservation and KAZA TFCA Secretariat |
| Language: | |
| Topic: | Conservation |
| Type: | Strategy and guides |
| Last updated: | 13 April 2026 |
Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA), is a transboundary collaborative initiative of five Partner States, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe, in the conservation of shared natural resources and the development of the communities in and around the landscape. The TFCA is a mosaic of multiple land uses composed of:
• Protected areas (PAs) in the form of national parks, game reserves;
• wildlife/game management areas, forest reserves, and conservancies/ community concessions
areas, and
• Communal areas (settlement, pastoral, and arable farming).
There are about 3 million people settled across the KAZA landscape. The human population is mainly rural communities that are largely dependent on subsistence pastoral and arable agriculture. The multiple land use status of the KAZA landscape present many development challenges and opportunities for the resident communities.
Humans have been battling insect pests for as long as we have shared this planet. Insects are everywhere and no human being can avoid interacting with insects in all facets of life. In humans’ view, any insect that is found in the wrong place becomes a pest and is a source of human insect conflict. Insect pests are those that feed on, compete for food with, or transmit diseases to humans and livestock. Ecosystems modified by human activities have provided opportunities for varied insect species to successfully adapt and thrive as pests. In popular sense, “insect” refers to familiar pests or disease carriers, such as houseflies, ants, locusts, termites, grasshoppers, aphids, mosquitoes, fleas, butterflies, bees, hornets and tsetse flies.
Some of the specified insects cause serious problems in people’s houses, farms, rangelands, rivers, dams and towns across the world.
The Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation Area (TFCA), located in the sub-tropical region, provides favourable conditions for multiplication of many insects that attack people’s crops, livestock and products and those that carry disease. Such interaction with human life causes serious human insect conflict (HIC). Massive efforts are required to suppress and manage population densities of the varied and abundant insect species in order to mitigate the HIC. This manual provides
information on methods of reducing and mitigating human-insect conflict.
Humans have been battling insect pests for as long as we have shared this planet. Insects are everywhere and no human being can avoid interacting with insects in all facets of life. In humans’ view, any insect that is found in the wrong place becomes a pest and is a source of human insect conflict. Insect pests are those that feed on, compete for food with, or transmit diseases to humans and livestock. Ecosystems modified by human activities have provided opportunities for varied insect species to successfully adapt and thrive as pests. In popular sense, “insect” refers to familiar pests or disease carriers, such as houseflies, ants, locusts, termites, grasshoppers, aphids, mosquitoes, fleas, butterflies, bees, hornets and tsetse flies.
Some of the specified insects cause serious problems in people’s houses, farms, rangelands, rivers, dams and towns across the world.
The Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation Area (TFCA), located in the sub-tropical region, provides favourable conditions for multiplication of many insects that attack people’s crops, livestock and products and those that carry disease. Such interaction with human life causes serious human insect conflict (HIC). Massive efforts are required to suppress and manage population densities of the varied and abundant insect species in order to mitigate the HIC. This manual provides
information on methods of reducing and mitigating human-insect conflict.
Some of the specified insects cause serious problems in people’s houses, farms, rangelands, rivers, dams and towns across the world.
The Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation Area (TFCA), located in the sub-tropical region, provides favourable conditions for multiplication of many insects that attack people’s crops, livestock and products and those that carry disease. Such interaction with human life causes serious human insect conflict (HIC). Massive efforts are required to suppress and manage population densities of the varied and abundant insect species in order to mitigate the HIC. This manual provides
information on methods of reducing and mitigating human-insect conflict.
